Modern surveying instruments provides faster and more precise surveying than conventional instruments. Chapter 15 construction survey procedures 1501 general. The process of taking road measurements to construct a survey once required closing of the entire road so that the surveying team could set up equipment on the roads surface. Angles and distances are measured from the total station to points under survey, and the coordinates x, y, and z or northing, easting and elevation of surveyed points relative to the total station position are calculated using trigonometry and triangulation. Traditional detailed survey is done according to the measured region existing s controlling point with using total station. Total station in surveying operation, uses and advantages. Simple surveying setup jeremy green reportdepartment of maritime archaeology western australian museum, no. How to build a hinged hoophouse for a raised bed garden duration. Every construction project relies on accurate measurements and the total station is one of the most important pieces of surveying equipment used in the industry today. Total station and its applications in surveying gis resources. Surveying carried out and we mark coordinates to take a plane area for the road where no obstacles such as river, houses or farms in that area with the help of total station. A total station is an electronicoptical instrument used in modern surveying. Modern surveying instruments and their uses in civil. How to stake out points and profile boards with a total.
Type of total station, accuracy and oem specifications type of level, accuracy and oem specifications. To become familiar with using a steel tape to measure approximate horizontal distances. Method statement for survey work at trod beck, wolsingham. How to setup a total station to conduct surveying operations. The weapon for engineering how to set up total station, by 20 year old guy with a topocon model and data collector. Calculate the setting out data from station a and b for a circular curve intersection point with coordinates 1160. Surveying with gps, total station and terresterial laser scaner. Simple horizontal curves types of curve points by studying tm 5232, the surveyor learns to locate points using angles and distances. In surveying, specifically in the area of engineering projects, more sophisticated instruments are employed total station, laser scaner and gps to improve the efficiency and accuracy.
The tss is a system that includes an electronic total station and electronic data collecting system. At present, total station has been widely spread and used in many survey sites, and. An engineer can use the survey data to determine where the dirt should be moved to reduce the total amount of dirt relocation. The use of levels and total stations is illustrated by a series of practical examples. Define application of survey using ts perform topographical survey plain table and contour survey. The most important of these programs are presented in the section applications programs. Reconnaissance survey preparation and scope the reconnaissance survey is an extensive study of an entire area that might be used for. Highway construction surveying point to point surveyors. Bird 2009 analysis of survey point displacements using total station measurements iii abstract a practical software suite is designed which rigorously processes survey observations angles and distances to enable us to detect and visualize significant structural deformations. It is also integrated with microprocessor, electronic data collector and storage system. Section viii survey standards wyoming department of.
How to stake out points and profile boards with a total station. Total station setup and operation university of south. Today it will be done electronically with the surveyor using a highly sophisticated total station set of equipment that can measure both distances and angular. Topographic surveying using the sokkisha set2 electronic. One of them is the leveling, and in case we use total station for leveling, this is classified as the indirect leveling method, and since it is judged that this method can. At present, total station has been widely spread and used in many survey sites, and sometimes it is not fully used since users misunderstand the principles of this unit. We hope students all over the world will find it helpful. These positions can either be predetermined from a previous survey, or determined using a differential gps such as omnistar. Analysis of survey point displacements using total station. Individual surveying techniques has been commonly used in the history of surveying area to collect data. The total station is an instrument through which we can able to measure the horizontal and vertical distance, angles between points located on ground. This study compares the applications of two novel surveying technologies for road surface mapping terrestrial laser scanners and robotic total stations. Total station setup and operation university of south alabama. The gardening channel with james prigioni recommended for you.
Application to leveling using total station jongchool lee and taeho rho, korea key words. A total station can be used in a variety of ways during a survey. Once collected, the survey data is plotted in a microstation design file using geopak software to develop planimetric maps and three dimensional 3. Leveling the total station leveling the total station must be accomplished to sufficient accuracy otherwise the instrument will not report results. Set up the total station on point a, target point b, and set out the points a1, a2, and a3 in this. Use this method when you have 2 known survey points with the instrument established on one and the. Accuracy of surveying techniques using instruments such as gps, ts and tls are. It is a basic course for all universities for civil engineers. Field crosssections a total station can be used to establish the baseline, turn the right angles from the established station points, measure offset distance and determine elevations by trigonometric. Traditionally, this was done by using a steel band and applying a series of corrections to allow for the sagging of the tape, temperature effects, and so on. Total stationdata recorder instruments can be adversely affected by rain.
The table below gives the coordinates of the traverse points established for a section of the new road. It will be the first location for the total station. That is, the exact length, width, depth, and position of the foundation trenches must be marked on the ground. Wadi al shaqra area where road will be construct excavation excavation is the first step of construction.
Measuring distances, including both vertical and horizontal azimuths, to record a 3d point in space measuring angles only, when distance is too. In order to begin excavation of trenches required for a buildings foundation, the builder must know the positions and levels of building lines shown on the construction plans on the ground. Modified conventional method slope staking using a total station and data collector, using the slope staking program in the data collector by inputting design templates, horizontal and vertical alignments and super elevation rates. A total station is a device that you can use to plot out an area of land before you begin construction. This will allow you to choose a point in the area and instantly know where that point lies in relation to the location of the total station. Survey data management system data format for survey data collection, processing, and data archives. Elhallaq lecturer of surveying the islamic university of gaza introduction. Total stations are used wherever the positions and heights of points, or merely their positions, need to be determined. Leveling the total station leveling the total station must be accomplished to sufficient accuracy otherwise the instrument will not report results leveling the instrument takes 30 to 45 minutes make sure you can see all targets from the.
Total station is a surveying equipment combination of electromagnetic distance measuring instrument and electronic theodolite. Conventional survey methods of traverse, network, resection, multiple ties and trigonometric leveling are used with the tss method. The instrument can be used to measure horizontal and vertical angles as well as sloping distance of object to the instrument. Ts11ts15 instrument an total station for measuring, calculating and capturing data. Geological survey topographic surveying using the sokkisha set2 electronic total station with the hp7 ib computer jeffrey e. Again, distance can be measured by using various instruments like chain, tape. Here in we have gathered some pdf lectures on surveying.
Set up the total station on point a, target point b, and set out the points a1, a2, and a3 in this alignment in accordance with the planned length of the side of the building. Final report a comparison of mobile scanning to a total. Requirements and procedures for control, design, and land surveys surveys division. Their types and uses are discussed in this article. Using a tape or a graduated rod to measure the vertical. How to stake out with a total station career trend. Total station has been widely spread and used in many survey sites, and. This site was also selected because the iowa dot recently collected the survey data at this interchange using a total station and traditional survey methods. Rotate the instrument 90 degrees and level using the. Road survey guide while every reasonable precaution has been taken in the preparation of this policy manual, the author and publishers assume no responsibility for errors or omissions or for uses made of the material contained. Basic highway plan reading inspector ualification series. In conventional surveying, chain and tape are used for making linear measurements while compass and ordinary theodolites are used for making angular measurements.
Understand the various road survey application and terminologies. Total station and its applications in surveying gis. During measurements, it is impossible to set out all the chain lines in a straightforward method. Surveying is a very important part of civil engineering. Once the area has been mapped out, you can use the total station to perform a task called a stake out. In some cases, much of the topographic surveying may be undertaken via photogrammetric processes.
We selected the asphaltpaved road equivalent to total 650m near namchundong, sooyoungku, pusan, korea as the measurement object area. Requirements and procedures for control surveys, design. In particular, a leica hds3000 and a leica tcrp 1203 instruments were used. Surveying with gps, total station and terresterial laser. Angles and distances are measured from the total station to points under survey, and the coordinates x, y, and z. Survey field procedures manual prepared by the division of plats and surveys maryland state highway administration revised and edited november,2001.
To survey an area by chain survey across obstacles and to calculate the obstructed lengths by using different methods. Chapter 9 total station system tss survey specification. Not on the survey mathematics or detailed electronics. Using a ranging pole, mark point b at the end of the baseline. The data collected during a preliminary survey is made up of measurements that define locations and elevations of natural and manmade features. In these surveys, control is achieved by positioning details on the ground which may be identified in images. How to start topographical survey or as built survey with. From setting building corners to sighting utility lines, this sophisticated ins. Leica gs15 gnss receivers leica smart rover gps system.
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